{"id":2671,"date":"2019-10-12T13:11:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-12T13:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/curesz.org\/?p=2671"},"modified":"2023-11-15T14:34:22","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T19:34:22","slug":"what-does-schizophrenia-mean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/curesz.org\/zh\/2019\/10\/12\/what-does-schizophrenia-mean\/","title":{"rendered":"\u540d\u5b57\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1352px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div id=\"attachment_2674\" style=\"width: 343px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2674\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-2674\" src=\"https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-951x1024.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-951x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of Dr. Carol North\" width=\"333\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27333%27%20height%3D%27359%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20333%20359%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27333%27%20height%3D%27359%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-200x215.jpg 200w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-279x300.jpg 279w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-400x431.jpg 400w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-600x646.jpg 600w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-768x827.jpg 768w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-800x861.jpg 800w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-951x1024.jpg 951w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped.jpg 1003w, https:\/\/curesz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Carol-North-high-resolution-picture-cropped-1200x1292.jpg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2674\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol S. North\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0cMPE\uff0cDLFAPA<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5 <em>\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7<\/em> \u6700\u521d\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a <em>\u65e9\u53d1\u6027\u75f4\u5446<\/em>. This term, literally meaning \u201cprecocious madness,\u201d and first used by the French physician Benedict Morel in 1853, was later popularized by the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in 1896 to represent a chronic, incurable psychotic disorder with rapid cognitive disintegration that typically strikes in the late teens to early adulthood. In 1908, the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler renamed it <em>\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7<\/em>, \u6307\u7684\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u683c\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u3002<sup>1<\/sup> \u4e0e Kraepelin \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cBleuler \u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9884\u540e\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u201d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In the last 25 years, a new movement to rename the disorder has emerged. This movement is motivated by concerns that the term \u201cschizophrenia\u201d is confusing and misleading, generating negative stigma surrounding the illness and those who suffer with it. This term has led to widespread misunderstanding of the disorder as a problem of \u201csplit personalities,\u201d which is an entirely different and unrelated disorder. The public is further confused by the media which has unfortunately perpetuated incorrect characterizations of schizophrenia as representing any incoherent, contradictory, or deviant behavior, depicting individuals with this disorder as criminal, violent, and dangerous. An alternative common usage of the word \u201cschizophrenia\u201d has found its way into secondary dictionary definitions referring to contradictory or antagonistic qualities or attitudes (e.g., \u201cschizophrenic weather patterns\u201d). Therefore, some experts have called for a new name, aiming to increase understanding, improve the public image of the disorder, reduce stigma, and lead to better care for the disorder.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u540d\u79f0\u3002<sup>1-3<\/sup> \u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5305\u62ec <em>Bleuler \u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u3001Kraepelin-Bleuler \u75c5\u3001Schneider \u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u3001\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5931\u8c03\u969c\u788d\u3001\u663e\u7740\u6027\u5931\u8c03\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u60c5\u7eea\u6574\u5408\u969c\u788d\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u6613\u611f\u6027\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u3001\u77e5\u89c9\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u3001<\/em> \u548c <em>\u9752\u5e74\u53d1\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u52a8\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u626d\u66f2<\/em> \uff08\u548c\u7766\uff09\u3002 2002\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a <em>\u6574\u5408\u969c\u788d<\/em>.\u540c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u6e2f\u6b63\u5f0f\u66f4\u540d <em>\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u77e5\u89c9\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d<\/em>;\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57 <em>\u534f\u8c03\u969c\u788d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u672a\u5c31\u4efb\u4f55\u66ff\u4ee3\u540d\u79f0\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u53d6\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u66f4\u540d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u803b\u8fb1\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540d\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u803b\u8fb1\u611f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<sup>1<\/sup> \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u6539\u53d8\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u803b\u8fb1\u4ece\u65e7\u540d\u79f0\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u540c\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e00\u8d77\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u5c31\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u9879\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u9884\u8ba1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u5021\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u3002<sup>2<\/sup> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5510\u6c0f\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u662f 21 \u4e09\u4f53\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u75c5\u201d\uff09\u7684\u540c\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u6c0f\u75c5\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8001\u5e74\u75f4\u5446\u75c7\u201d\u7684\u540c\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7eb3\u4ec0 (John Nash) \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u8fd1\u56e0\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u800c\u8fc7\u7740\u8f89\u714c\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7535\u5f71 <em>\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5fc3\u7075<\/em> \u620f\u5267\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5728 1994 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4ee5\u4ed6\u60a3\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u540c\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a <em><strong>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7eb3\u4ec0\u969c\u788d<\/strong><\/em>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e13\u5bb6\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u6548\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\u60a3\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002<sup>2<\/sup> \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<sup>3<\/sup> Renaming schizophrenia can be expected to be a long process, and an even longer process will be needed to achieve the expected benefits of changing public understanding and improving life for the people who live with this illness.<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003<\/p>\n<p>1. Gaebel W, Kerst A. \u5173\u4e8e\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u9664\u803b\u8fb1\u611f\u3002 <em>\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66<\/em> 2019; 28(3):258-261.<\/p>\n<p>2. Lasalvia A, Penta E, Sartorius N, Henderson S. \u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5f03\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff1f <em>\u88c2\u53f6\u6c34\u5e93<\/em> 2015; 162(1-3):276-284.<\/p>\n<p>3. Yamaguchi S, Mizuno M, Ojio Y, Sawada U, Matsunaga A, Ando S, Koike S. \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u4e0e\u803b\u8fb1\u611f\u76f8\u5173\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u987e\u3002 <em>\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u4e34\u5e8a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66<\/em> 2017; 71(6):347-362.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter-articles","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What&#039;s in a Name? - CURESZ Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The term \u201cschizophrenia\u201d is confusing and misleading, generating negative stigma surrounding the illness and those who suffer with it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/curesz.org\/zh\/2019\/10\/12\/what-does-schizophrenia-mean\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What&#039;s in a Name? 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